PROSES
PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI RESIDU MINYAK SAWIT
DALAM TANAH
PEMUCAT BEKAS
Nur Asma Deli1), Fatmayati1),
Muhammad Romli2) dan
Suprihatin2)
1)Staf
Pengajar Teknik Pengolahan Sawit, Politeknik Kampar, Riau
2)Staf
Pengajar Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian
– IPB
E-mail : nur_asma@poltek-kampar.ac.id
ABSTRACT
The production of fatty acid methyl ester by two-step in situ process
from spent bleaching earth was investigated in this study. The method included
an in situ acid catalyzed esterification followed by in situ base catalyzed
transesterification. In situ
esterification was done by mixing spent bleaching earth with methanol and
sulphuric acid with amount of methanol to spent bleaching earth ratio 4/1
(v/w), varying of amount sulphuric acid to spent bleaching earth was 0.5%, 1.0%
and 1.5% (v/w). The mixture was heated to 65 0C under reflux
condition for 2, 3 and 4 h with magnetic stirring. The yield of esterified
product increased and the FFA content in oil decreased with increasing
sulphuric acid concentration and reaction time. The FFA level below 2% with
64.5% yield of esterified product was obtained
at 1.5% catalyst concentration and 3 h reaction time. Therefore, it was chosen
as subjected to in situ transesterification process. The organic phase of the first step product was
subjected to second step reaction by adding 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% NaOH and
allowed to react for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The yield of methyl ester produced in
this process was 54.5-96.0%. The yield increased with increasing NaOH concentration and reaction time. The best yield 93.3% obtained was at 1.5% NaOH
concentration and 1 h reaction time. The characteristics of biodiesel produced
were: 4.0 cSt viscosity, 871 kg/m3 density, 0.4 mgKOH/g acid value
and 191 mgKOH/g saponification value.
Keywords: In situ
esterification, in situ transesterification, fatty acid methyl ester, spent
beaching earth.
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