PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI SLUDGE PALM OIL DENGAN DUA TAHAP PROSES ESTERIFIKASI DAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI
Nur Asma Deli
Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Sawit, Politeknik Kampar
ABSTRACT
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that was produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. It consists of the monoalkyl esters formed by a catalyzed reaction of the triglycerides in the oil or fat with a simple monohydric alcohol. Biodiesel is a biodegradable, renewable, non-toxic and environmental friendly alternative fuel. The production of biodiesel from sludge palm oil by a two-step process was investigated in this study. The method was consisted an acid catalyzed estherification followed by base catalyzed transestherification. Estherification reaction was performed in the presence of sulfuric acid as a common acid catalyst to reduce the amount of free fatty acids (FFA) to less than 2%. The FFA in sludge palm oil was esterifies with methanol at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min reaction time. The FFA level 1.69% with 94.10% yield of esterifies product was obtained at 30 min reaction time. Therefore, it was chosen as subjected to transestherification process by added 1% NaOH and allowed to react for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The yields of biodiesel produced in this process were varied between 60.4 to 66.3%. Optimum yield obtained was 65.67% at 30 min reaction time. The characteristics of biodiesel produced were: 11.35 cSt viscosity, 796.76 kg/m3 density and 0.79 mgKOH/g acid value.
Keywords: Biodiesel, palm oil, waste oil, estherification, transestherification
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